2 - NARRATIVE AND REPRESENTATION

KEY THEORY - NARRATOLOGY TZVETAN TODOROV
Todorov's theory is that within narrative, the power is in a state of equilibrium. As the story progresses the state of the equilibrium can change and develop. Each narrative should start with an initial equilibrium. However, the equilibrium is changed after a disruption, resulting in a disequilibrium. The old one is broken, and therefore a new one must be begin. This will repeat during the narrative until we reach a final equilibrium.
The Liminal period is in between the disequilibrium and the partial restoration of the equilibrium.
A linear narrative is one that follows a line from the beginning to the end.
A non-linear narrative is one that doesn't follow a line from the beginning to the end - it goes back and forth not chronologically.


JOHN LEWIS CHRISTMAS ADVERT

How is meaning created through the narrative?
Meaning is created slowly, with the penguin slowly seeing noticing more people together and in love and wanting that as well. This can provoke sympathy for the penguin in the advert because the audience wants the penguin to find love.

Can you apply Todorov's narrative theory of equilibrium?
Yes, it starts off balanced with the penguin playing with just the boy, and he begins to see more people in love, which disrupts the equilibrium. After this, the equilibrium is immediately restored on Christmas day, when the boy gets a new penguin.

Is the narrative linear or non-linear? Why?
Non-Linear, it starts around Christmas eve and goes through flashbacks, ending up on Christmas day.

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